Medieval Unicode Font Initiative MUFI proposal for coordinated usage of the Private Use Area Ed. by Odd Einar Haugen, University of Bergen, Norway Version 0.9.2 (15 September 2003) Changes from version 0.9.1: - One character removed from the end of subrange 2, LATIN ABBREVIATION Z FORM - Link to ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2 N 3126 added for several characters in subrange 2 - One character added at the end of subrange 4, LATIN SMALL LETTER U BAR   Background & contributors The present proposal is a major revision and extension of two proposals published on the MUFI web site: A proposal for subranges within the Private Use Area of Unicode (15 June 2002) A proposal for supplementary characters in Unicode (5 February 2003) These proposal received a number of helpful comments from (in alphabetical order) Jim Allan (U.S.), Deborah W. Anderson (Berkely, CA), Peter S. Baker (Charlottesville, VA), Michael Beddow (Leeds), António H.A. Emiliano (Lisboa), Michael Everson (Dublin), Jost Gippert (Frankfurt), Juan-José G. Marcos (Plasencia, Spain), Susana T. Pedro (Lisboa), David J. Perry (Rye, NY), Gerhard Schumacher (Köln), Ken Whistler (Unicode consortium), and several other Unicode officers. The present proposal is the result of a meeting held in Bergen, Norway, 30-31 August 2003. Participants at this meeting were Odd Einar Haugen (Bergen), Michael Everson (Dublin), Michael Irlenbusch (Bergen), Alec McAllister (Leeds), Gerhard Schumacher (Köln), and Tarrin Wills (Sydney). This proposal was published 8 September 2003 on the MUFI site for review. It is hoped that the proposal may lead to a commonly accepted proposal by the end of September 2003, to be posted as version 1.0 around 1 October on the MUFI site. Many aspects of this proposal will be controversial, and more than one of the contributors and advisors listed above may disagree with the solutions chosen in the proposal. It is, however, clear that this proposal would have progressed much slower and been much inferior had it not been for all the help and comments received.   Contents 1 Mixed script characters 14 Precomposed characters with acute accent 2 Base line abbreviation characters 15 Precomposed characters with double acute accent 3 Base line characters with overline 16 Precomposed characters with dot above 4 Complex abbreviation characters 17 Precomposed characters with dot below 5 Punctuation marks 18 Precomposed characters with diaeresis 6 Critical and epigraphical signs 19 Precomposed characters with hook above 7 Metrical symbols 20 Precomposed characters with ogonek 8 Small capitals 21 Precomposed characters with breve 9 Enlarged minuscules 22 Precomposed characters with macron and breve 10 Ligatures 23 Precomposed characters with macron and acute 11 Combining superscript characters 12 Combining abbreviation and diacritical marks 13 Variant letter forms Introduction This proposal contains a set of characters (or variant character forms) for the use of medievalists and to some extent classicists. The aim of the proposal is to establish a coordinated usage of code points in the Private Usea Area, and it particularly aims at coordinating the usage of code points in existing Unicode fonts such as Titus and Junicode with fonts under development. The proposal contains a representative glyph for each character, a categorisation, a recommended entity name, a Unicode code point, and a descriptive name. Glyphs The glyphs used in this proposal are for guidance only. Categories Characters are divided into six categories: 0. Characters which already are in the Unicode standard. They have been included in the proposal for the sake of information. 1. Characters which should be proposed for inclusion in the Unicode standard (or currently are pending approval). Characters approved by Unicode should subsequently be removed and substituted with a warning sign, preferably the character in question placed within a triangular sign. 2. Precomposed characters which can be encoded with a sequence of Unicode characters, but which can not be displayed easily or properly with existing font technology. Characters in this category should be removed as soon as there is mature smart font technology available. 3. Variant character form (e.g. regional or chronological variants). Characters in this category might be proposed as variants in the Unicode standard. They should be removed as soon as there is mature smart font technology available for handling variant letter forms. 4. Characters that are under review for inclusion in the MUFI proposal. For this reason, space has been reserved for them. 5. Characters already in the Unicode standard which ought to have a separate entity name for semantic reasons, e.g. to distinguish the semicolon used as a punctuation mark from the semicolon used as an abbreviation mark. This category is relevant only for encoding purposes. Entity names Entities are used in numerous encoding schemes such as SGML/XML. For the sake of transparency and interchangeability, it is recommended that entities as far as possible conform to the standard ISO entity sets. An updated list of ISO conformant entities can be found at the Oasis web site. In addition to the ISO entities, a number of entities for characters not designated in this standard is needed. This proposal uses the syntax and inventory recommended in the Menota handbook, ch. 2 and 5, summarised in the table below. Note that not all slots need to be filled in; in most cases only one or two slots are used in addition to the base line character. base line character main type variant ligature fixed modification loose modification a A etc. comb scap enl ins unc run rot squ tall dotless brk cl lig slash str ovl ogon hook loopupright looplowleft des acute dblac dot uml grave brev macr dotbl The inventory is more or less self-explanatory: main type / variant /ligature full form fixed and loose modification full form comb scap enl ins unc run rot squ tall dotless brk close lig combining mark small capital enlarged minuscule insular form uncial form runic form rotunda (round form) square form tall dotless broken closed form ligature slash str ovl ogon hook loopupright looplowleft des curl acute dblac dot uml grave breve macr dotbl slash (diagonal) stroke (horizontal, part-width) overline (horizontal, full-width) ogonek hook loop upper right loop lower left descending curl (ogonek above) acute double acute dot above umlaut (= diaeresis) grave breve macron dot below Note that if there is a conflict between the standard ISO entities as of 01.09.2003 and the syntax suggested here ISO entites should be preferred. MUFI code point This is a code point within the Private Use Area in the Basic Multilingual Plane of Unicode, E000 - F8FF (6400 code points). In this proposal, a section of 512 characters have been set aside for MUFI characters, from F400 to F5FF. If a character already is in the Unicode standard (or there is a near-identical character in the standard) official, non-PUA code points will be given here. Junicode code point Junicode code points are located in the range F100 - F19F. No MUFI code points are allocated to this section, but Junicode characters in this section have been allocated duplicate code points in the MUFI section. Titus code point Titus code points are located in the range E000 - F0FF. Precomposed MUFI characters are allocated to the code points used by Titus to the extent that they are included in Titus. The remaining precomposed MUFI characters are located in the last part of the MUFI section, F540 - F5FF. Descriptive name Each character has been given a descriptive name, as far as possible according to the rules in the Unicode standard. The Menota handbook ch. 2 has further details on the interpretation of the Unicode naming rules.   Top of document MUFI subrange 1: Mixed script characters (prev. subrange 1) Medieval manuscripts were written in several styles, such as Uncial, Insular, Carolingian, and Gothic. As long as the manuscript is written in a uniform style, whether it is Insular or Carolingian, it is usually not advisable to encode each character as belonging to a specific style. Thus, the character "b" should be encoded as "b" whether it is writtin in Insular or Carolingian style. However, in many Medieval manuscripts there is a mixture of styles, e.g. of Insular and Carolingian letter forms, and some transcribers would like to encode extraneous letter forms as such, e.g. sporadic Insular letter forms in an otherwise Carolingian style. This applies especially to the most distinct letter forms, such as "f", "r" and "v" in Insular style, and "d", "e", "m" and "t" in Uncial style. This range also includes other types of variant letter forms. Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Junicode Descriptive name 1 &dunc; F400 F109 LATIN LETTER UNCIAL D 3 &eunc; F401 F10A LATIN LETTER UNCIAL E 4 &Fins; F402 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR F 3 &fins; F403 F103 LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR F 3 &Gins; F404 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR G 3 &gins; F405 F10F LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR G 3 &hins; F406 F110 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR H 1 &jdl; F407 LATIN SMALL LETTER J DOTLESS 1 &kunc; F408 LATIN LETTER UNCIAL K 3 &munc; F409 F11A LATIN LETTER UNCIAL M 1 &rrot; F40A LATIN SMALL LETTER R ROTUNDA 3 &rins; F40B F125 LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR R 0 &rdes; 027C LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH LONG LEG 3 &stalldes; F40C F127 LATIN SMALL LETTER TALL S DESCENDING * This character extends below the base line, while the ordinary tall s is located on the base line. 3 &tunc; F40D F129 LATIN LETTER UNCIAL T 1 &Vins; F40E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR V (VENTH) * Partially similar to 01F7 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER WYNN in Latin Extended-B. Note that the Old Norse variant is open, resembling the character "Y", and is translitterated with "v", not with "w" like in Old English. 1 &vins; F40F LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR V (VENTH) * Partially similar to 01BF LATIN LETTER WYNN in Latin Extended-B. Note that the Old Norse variant is open, resembling the character "y", and is translitterated with "v", not with "w" like in Old English. Reserved space after this range: F410 to F41F (16 code points).   Top of document   MUFI subrange 2: Base line abbreviation characters (prev. part of subrange 7) This range includes those abbreviation signs which typically occupy a position on the base line. Very few abbreviation signs are included in Unicode 4.0. An exception is the sign for "et", which is found in the range General punctuation as TIRONEAN SIGN ET (204A). The Runic characters "f" and "m" are sometimes used as abbreviation marks; they are now included in the Unicode range Runic, as 16AO and 16D8 respectively. Since they are used with their alphabetical names as abbreviation ("fé" and "maðr" respectively), it is not necessary to define them as separate characters.  Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Junicode Descriptive name 5 &apo; 0027 APOSTROPHE A sign similar to the apostrophe was used as an abbreviation for "i" or "e". Cf. D.A. Seip, Palæografi: Norge og Island (Nordisk kultur 23:B), Oslo etc. 1954, p. 125. 1 &con9; F420 F156 LATIN ABBREVIATION SIGN CON 5 &cono; 0254 LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O 5 ✗ 271D LATIN CROSS 0 &obiit; 03B8 GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA Cf. D.A. Seip, Palæografi: Norge og Island (Nordisk kultur 23:B), Oslo etc. 1954, p. 30. 5 &est; 223B F150 LATIN ABBREVIATION SIGN EST Cf. D.A. Seip, Palæografi: Norge og Island (Nordisk kultur 23:B), Oslo etc. 1954, p. 82. 4 &ET; F421 F142 TIRONEAN LARGE SIGN ET Cf. D.A. Seip, Palæografi: Norge og Island (Nordisk kultur 23:B), Oslo etc. 1954, p. 30 and 81. 0 &et; 204A F143 TIRONEAN SIGN ET 2 &etbar; F422 TIRONEAN SIGN ET WITH CROSSBAR Identical to 03/09 LATIN CONTRACTION ET in ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2 N 3126. 0 & 0026 AMPERSAND Used in some Medieval Nordic manuscripts for "ok". 1 &rum; F423 F154 LATIN ABBREVIATION SIGN RUM 1 &de; F424 LATIN ABBREVIATION SIGN DE This sign looks similar to "eth", but is used as an abbreviation for "de" and should therefore have its own code point. Cf. D.A. Seip, Palæografi: Norge og Island (Nordisk kultur 23:B), Oslo etc. 1954, p. 25, 44 and 60. 1 &is; F425 LATIN ABBREVIATION SIGN IS Cf. Johs. Brøndum-Nielsen, ed., Palæografi: Danmark og Sverige (Nordisk kultur 23:A), Stockholm etc. [1943], p. 32, and D.A. Seip, Palæografi: Norge og Island (Nordisk kultur 23:B), Oslo etc. 1954, p. 125. Possibly identical to 02/14 LATIN CONTRACTION IS in ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2 N 3126. 0 &ed; 003B SEMICOLON 1 &etfin; F426 F155 LATIN ABBREVIATION SIGN FINAL ET Cf. D.A. Seip, Palæografi: Norge og Island (Nordisk kultur 23:B), Oslo etc. 1954, p. 125. Possibly identical to 03/12 LATIN CONTRACTION UM in ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2 N 3126. Reserved space after this range: F427 to F42F (9 code points).   Top of document MUFI subrange 3: Base line characters with overline (prev. part of subrange 7) The overline (bar above) is probably the most used and also the most ambiguous of all abbreviation marks. There are two typical positions of the overline: above the full height of the majuscules and above the x-height of the minuscules. In the latter position it typically crosses the ascender of characters like "b", "d", "h", "k", "l" "þ" and tall "s". If the word has a mixture of characters with and without ascenders, the bar should sometimes be kept in the upper position over all characters. There are two typical lengths of the overline: less than the width of a character, like the macron, or the full width of the character, so that it can extend as a continuous line over several characters. With present font technology, the overline is particularly difficult. With some fonts and operating systems it will change its vertical position depending on the height of each character. Thus, in an abbreviation such as "ihc" for "Iesus", the overline may have one position over "c", a slightly higher position over "i" and an even higher position over "h". This range is intended as a work-around until there is mature smart font technology. It has separate code points for all characters where the overline crosses the ascender, either as a single stroke (macron-length) or as a continuous stroke (overline). Some of these characters are already in the standard, such as "b" with bar across. The font designer should take care to align the overlines on all characters. This range also has two combining overlines, one for minuscules (in the same heigth as the dot over "i") and one for majuscules (in the same height as the accents). Note that these combining overlines should have "hard" positions, so that they will have the same height regardless of the characters below. In this respect, they will differ from 0304 COMBINING MACRON and 0305 COMBINING OVERLINE, which may be displayed with variable heigth due to limitations in present font technology (cf. subrange 12 below). The combining overlines ought to have medium width, suitable for characters like "O" and "o". Finally, the range includes a few precomposed characters for extra narrow and wide characters, such as "i", "j", "l" and "m".   Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Descriptive name 3 &macrfixhi; F430 COMBINING FIXED-HEIGHT HIGH MACRON 3 &macrfixmed; F431 COMBINING FIXED-HEIGHT MEDIUM-HIGH MACRON 3 &ovlfixhi; F432 COMBINING FIXED-HEIGHT HIGH OVERLINE 3 &ovlfixmed; F433 COMBINING FIXED-HEIGHT MEDIUM-HIGH OVERLINE 0 &bstr; 0180 LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH STROKE 2 &bovl; F434 LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH FULL-WIDTH STROKE 0 &dstr; 0111 LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH STROKE 2 &dovl; F435 LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH FULL-WIDTH STROKE 0 &hstr; F127 LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH STROKE 2 &hovl; F436 LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH FULL-WIDTH STROKE 2 &kstr; F453 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH STROKE * This character is also listed in subrange 4 below. 2 &kovl; F437 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH FULL-WIDTH STROKE 2 &lstr; F438 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH STROKE 2 &lovl; F439 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH FULL-WIDTH STROKE 2 &stallstr; F455 LATIN SMALL LETTER TALL S WITH STROKE * This character is also listed in subrange 4 below. 2 &stallovl; F43A LATIN SMALL LETTER TALL S WITH FULL-WIDTH STROKE 2 &thornstr; F454 LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN WITH STROKE * This character is also listed in subrange 4 below. 2 &thornovl; F43B LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN WITH FULL-WIDTH STROKE 0 Ī 012A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH MACRON 2 &Iovl; F43C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH OVERLINE 0 ī 012B LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH MACRON 2 &iovl; F43D LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH OVERLINE 2 &Jmacr; F43E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J WITH MACRON 2 &jovl; F43F LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J WITH OVERLINE 2 &jmacr; F440 LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH MACRON 2 &jovl; F441 LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH OVERLINE 2 &lmacr; F442 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH MACRON 2 &lovl; F443 LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH OVERLINE 2 &Mmacr; F444 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M WITH MACRON 2 &Movl; F445 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M WITH OVERLINE 2 &mmacr; F446 LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH MACRON 2 &movl; F447 LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH OVERLINE Reserved space after this range: F448 to F44F (8 code points).   Top of document MUFI subrange 4: Complex abbreviational characters (prev. subrange 9) This range includes a number of abbreviated characters, typically a base line character with a bar across. Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Junicode Descriptive name 5 &hhook; 0266 LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH HOOK (LIGATURE OF H AND TALL S) 5 &khook; 0199 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH HOOK (LIGATURE OF K AND TALL S) 1 &thornhook; F450 LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN WITH HOOK (LIGATURE OF THORN AND TALL S) * Unicode 4.0 has a "p with hook", 01A5, but that should probably not be used for "thorn". In many fonts it does not look like a thorn at all. 1 &hhookstr; F451 LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH HOOK (LIGATURE OF H AND TALL S) AND STROKE 1 &khookstr; F452 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH HOOK (LIGATURE OF K AND TALL S) AND STROKE 1 &thornhookstr; F453 LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN WITH HOOK (LIGATURE OF THORN AND TALL S) AND STROKE 1 &kstr; F454 F14B LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH STROKE 1 &thornstr; F455 F149 LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN WITH STROKE 1 &stallstr; F456 F14F LATIN SMALL LETTER TALL S WITH STROKE 1 &Pbardes; F457 F144 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH STROKE THROUGH DESCENDER 1 &pbardes; F458 F145 LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH STROKE THROUGH DESCENDER 1 &qbardes; F459 F14D LATIN SMALL LETTER Q WITH STROKE THROUGH DESCENDER 1 &thbardes; F45A LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN WITH STROKE THROUGH DESCENDER 1 &Pflour; F45B F146 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH FLOURISH 1 &pflour; F45C F147 LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH FLOURISH 0 &ubar; 0289 LATIN SMALL LETTER U BAR The "u" with a bar across was used in some Late Medieval Danish manuscripts for /y/. Cf. Johs. Brøndum-Nielsen, ed., Palæografi: Danmark og Sverige (Nordisk kultur 23:A), Stockholm etc. [1943], p. 53 and 55. Reserved space after this range: F45D to F46F (19 code points).   Top of document   MUFI subrange 5: Punctuation marks (prev. subrange 6) This range includes those punctuation marks that are not included in the official Unicode ranges. The common marks, such as full stop, comma, colon, semicolon, question mark, hyphen and solidus, are all found in Unicode 4.0 Basic Latin. The middle dot is included in Latin-1 Supplement, (00B7), and although it is not defined specifically as a punctuation mark in this range, it is probably not necessary to duplicate it in the present range. Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Junicode Descriptive name 1 &seminv; F470 F160 PUNCTUATION MARK PUNCTUS ELEVATUS (INVERTED SEMICOLON) 3 &seminvdiag; F471 PUNCTUATION MARK PUNCTUS ELEVATUS DIAGONAL STROKE 3 &questcurl; F472 F161 PUNCTUATION MARK PUNCTUS INTERROGATIVUS 3 &quest8; F473 QUESTION MARK HORIZONTAL 8 FORM Cf. D.A. Seip, Palæografi: Norge og Island (Nordisk kultur 23:B), Oslo etc. 1954, p. 63. 1 &diacom; F474 PUNCTUATION MARK DIAERESIS ABOVE COMMA * Cf. Hreinn Benediktsson, Early Icelandic Script, Reykjavík 1965, p. 95, and D.A. Seip, Palæografi: Norge og Island (Nordisk kultur 23:B), Oslo etc. 1954, p. 63. Note that the bottom part should look like a comma, not an ogonek. 4 &brevdot; F475 PUNCTUATION MARK BREVE ABOVE DOT Cf. D.A. Seip, Palæografi: Norge og Island (Nordisk kultur 23:B), Oslo etc. 1954, p. 34. 0 &tridotsupw; 2234 THEREFORE 0 &tridotsright; 10FB F162 GEORGIAN PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR Reserved space after this range: F476 to F47F (10 code points).   Top of document MUFI subrange 6: Critical and epigraphical signs (prev. subrange 12) Critical signs are used in printed editions, indicating corruptions, deletions, additions etc. The majority of these signs are already in Unicode 4.0, such as the asterisk (002A), the obelus (= dagger, 2020), curly brackets (007B, 007D), square brackets (005B, 005D), single vertical line (007C), double vertical line (2016), and open brackets (= angle brackets, 3008, 3009). Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Junicode Descriptive name 1 &whsqbl; F480 LEFT WHITE SQUARE BRACKET * Or possibly 301A LEFT WHITE SQUARE BRACKET in CJK Symbols and Punctuation (problematic since this sign typically is very wide). 1 &whsqbr; F481 RIGHT WHITE SQUARE BRACKET * Or possibly 301B RIGHT WHITE SQUARE BRACKET in CJK Symbols and Punctuation (problematic since this sign typically is very wide). 1 &hsqblu; F482 LEFT UPPER HALF SQUARE BRACKET * Or possibly 2308 LEFT CEILING in Miscellaneous Technical. 1 &hsqbru; F483 RIGHT UPPER HALF SQUARE BRACKET * Or possibly 2309 RIGHT CEILING in Miscellaneous Technical. 4 &hsqbll; F484 LEFT LOWER HALF SQUARE BRACKET * Or possibly 230A LEFT FLOOR in Miscellaneous Technical. This character is not being used in Medieval Nordic contexts, but as the upper variant is being used, space has been reserved. 4 &hsqbrl; F485 RIGHT LOWER HALF SQUARE BRACKET * Or possibly 230B RIGHT FLOOR in Miscellaneous Technical. This character is not being used in Medieval Nordic contexts, but as the upper variant is being used, space has been reserved. 1 &slstlu; F486 F16E LEFT UPPER SLANTED STROKE 1 &slstru; F487 F16F RIGHT UPPER SLANTED STROKE 1 &slstll; F488 LEFT LOWER SLANTED STROKE 1 &slstrl; F489 RIGHT LOWER SLANTED STROKE Reserved space after this range: F48A to F48F (6 code points).   Top of document MUFI subrange 7: Metrical symbols (prev. subrange 11) This is the type of symbols used by Eduard Sievers in his Altgermanische metrik (Halle: Max Niemeyer, 1893). They are still frequently used in text books, monographs and articles on Medieval Nordic metrics. Thesaurus Linguae Grecae has recently proposed a set of metrical symbols for Greek. This proposal has been approved by the Unicode Technical Committee, but not yet by ISO-10646. Thesaurus Linguae Grecae: proposal for metrical symbols This proposal includes symbols for the short syllable (breve) and for the combination of a short and long syllable (metrical short over long). The default character (anceps) is identified with MULTIPLICATION SIGN (00D7) in the range Latin-1 Supplement, and the symbol for long syllable (longum) is identified with FIGURE DASH (2012) or EN DASH (2013) in the range General Punctuation. Combinations of anceps, breve, longum and grave or acute accent can presumably be achieved by using COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT (0300) and COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT (0301) in the range Combining Diacritical Marks. However, this does not work well in most applications, so for the time being precomposed characetrs will be needed. Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Junicode Descriptive name 3 &anc; F490 F164 METRICAL SYMBOL ANCEPS * This symbol is almost identical to the MULTIPLICATION SIGN (00D7) in the range Latin-1 Supplement, but the anceps should be placed slightly lower, touching the base line and wholly within the x height of the font. 2 &ancac; F491 F165 METRICAL SYMBOL ANCEPS WITH PRIMARY STRESS 2 &ancgr; F492 F166 METRICAL SYMBOL ANCEPS WITH SECONDARY STRESS 3 &sht; F493 F16A METRICAL SYMBOL SHORT SYLLABLE * This symbol is similar to SPACING BREVE (02D8) in the range Spacing Modifying letters, but should be positioned much closer to the base line. 2 &shtac; F494 F16B METRICAL SYMBOL SHORT SYLLABLE WITH PRIMARY STRESS 2 &shtacall; F495 METRICAL SYMBOL SHORT SYLLABLE WITH PRIMARY STRESS AND ALLITERATION [Similar to F494, but with two stress marks like a double acute] 2 &shtgr; F496 F16C METRICAL SYMBOL SHORT SYLLABLE WITH SECONDARY STRESS 3 &lng; F497 F167 METRICAL SYMBOL LONG SYLLABLE * This symbol is similar to FIGURE DASH (2012) or EN DASH (2013) in the range General Punctuation, but usually positioned closer to the base line. FIGURE DASH seems to have the same graphical properties as EN DASH. 2 &lngac; F498 F168 METRICAL SYMBOL LONG SYLLABLE WITH PRIMARY STRESS 2 &lngacall; F499 METRICAL SYMBOL LONG SYLLABLE WITH PRIMARY STRESS AND ALLITERATION [Similar to F498, but with two stress marks like a double acute] 2 &lnggr; F49A F169 METRICAL SYMBOL LONG SYLLABLE WITH SECONDARY STRESS 2 &shtlng; F49B METRICAL SYMBOL SHORT OR LONG SYLLABLE 2 &shtlngac; F49C METRICAL SYMBOL SHORT OR LONG SYLLABLE WITH PRIMARY STRESS 2 &shtlnggr; F49D METRICAL SYMBOL SHORT OR LONG SYLLABLE WITH SECONDARY STRESS 2 &shtlnggr; F49E METRICAL SYMBOL RESOLVED LIFT [From bottom upwards: two breve symbols, like in F493, side by side, a horizontal line immediately over these, and finally a stress mark like in F498 symmetrically positioned over this line] Reserved space after this range: F49F to F4A5 (7 code points).   Top of document MUFI subrange 8: Small capitals (prev. subrange 3) Small capitals have the same form as majuscules (capital letters), but are usually drawn with the same height as a minuscule (small) letter such as "x". In Medieval Nordic manuscripts, small capitals were used to denote geminates, i.e. long consonants, or they were used ornamentally. The letters "B", "D", "G", "M", "N", "R", "S" and "T" were most frequently used as geminates, while these and other letters might also be used as ornaments in the whole or in parts of highlighted words. Some of the small capitals, e.g. "O" and "C", are difficult to distinguish from minuscule letters. Unicode 4.0 has defined nine small capitals in the IPA Extensions range, sc. "B", "G", "H", "I", "L", "N", "Œ", "R" and "Y", and another 14 small capitals for the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet in the Phonetic Extensions range , "A", "C", "D", "ETH", "E", "J", "K", "M", "O", "P", "T", "U", "V", "W" and "Z". Thus, only a handful of small capitals remain. Of these, only small capital "S" and "F" can appear as geminates. The rest, i.e. "Q", "THORN" and "X" can only appear as small capitals in ornamental usage.  Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Descriptive name 1 &fscap; F4A6 LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL F 4 &qscap; F4A7 LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL Q 1 &sscap; F4A8 LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL S 4 &thscap; F4A9 LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL THORN 4 &xscap; F4AA LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL X Reserved space after this range: F4AB to F4AF (5 code points).   Top of document MUFI subrange 9: Enlarged minuscules (prev. subrange 4) Enlarged minuscules are recognized as separate characters by some scholars, cf. e.g. Andrea de Leeuw van Weenen (A Grammar of Möðruvallabók, CNWS 85, Leiden 2000). The traditional view has been to interpret these characters as variants of majuscules and encode them as such. It can be argued that this is a functional rather than a graphemic point of view and that it obscures the obvious distinction between e.g. "A" (the majuscule) and "a" (the enlarged minuscule).  Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Descriptive name 3 &aenl; F4B0 LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL A 3 &benl; F4B1 LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL B 4 &cenl; F4B2 LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL C 3 &denl; F4B3 LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL D 3 &duncenl; F4B4 LATIN ENLARGED LETTER UNCIAL D 4 &ethenl; F4B5 LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL ETH 3 &eenl; F4B6 LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL E 3 &fenl; F4B7 LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL F 3 &genl; F4B8 LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL G 3 &henl; F4B9 LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL H 3 &ienl; F4BA LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL I 3 &jenl; F4BB LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL J 3 &kenl; F4BC LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL K 4 &lenl; F4BD LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL L 3 &menl; F4BE LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL M 3 &nenl; F4BF LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL N 4 &oenl; F4B0 LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL O 3 &penl; F4C1 LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL P 3 &qenl; F4C2 LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL Q 3 &renl; F4C3 LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL R 4 &senl; F4C4 LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL S 3 &tenl; F4C5 LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL T 3 &thenl; F4C6 LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL THORN 4 &uenl; F4C7 LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL U 4 &venl; F4C8 LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL V 4 &wenl; F4C9 LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL W 4 &xenl; F4CA LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL X 3 &yenl; F4CB LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL Y 4 &zenl; F4CC LATIN ENLARGED LETTER SMALL Z Reserved space after this range: F4CD to F4CF (3 code points).   Top of document MUFI subrange 10: Ligatures (prev. subrange 5) Ligatures are two base line characters which are joined so that they form a new, composite base line character. Some consist of two identical characters, e.g. "a+a", others of different characters, e.g. "a+v". In Medieval Nordic manuscripts, ligatures may be used to denote length, "a+a", diphthong, "a+v", or a distinct vowel quality, often mutation (Umlaut), "a+v". Only ligatures which reflect a distinct phonological value should be recognised as characters of their own. - Finally, the broken character "l" representing "ll" should be seen as a ligature of two stems, broken in the middle. Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Descriptive name 1 &AAlig; F4D0 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AA 1 &aalig; F4D1 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AA 1 &AOlig; F4D2 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AO 1 &aolig; F4D3 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AO 1 &AUlig; F4D4 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AU 1 &aulig; F4D5 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AU 1 &AVlig; F4D6 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AV 1 &avlig; F4D7 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AV 4 &AVligslash; F4D8 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AV WITH STROKE 2 &avligslash; F4D9 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AV WITH STROKE 1 &AYlig; F4DA LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AY 1 &aylig; F4DB LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AY 3 &OOlig; F4DC LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OO 3 &oolig; F4DD LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OO 3 &Olll; F4DE LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE REDUCED AO 3 &olll; F4DF LATIN SMALL LIGATURE REDUCED AO 3 &Ourl; F4EO LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE REDUCED OE 3 &ourl; F4E1 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE REDUCED OE 4 &YYlig; F4E2 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE YY 4 &yylig; F4E3 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE YY 1 &lbrk; F4E4 LATIN SMALL LETTER BROKEN L Reserved space after this range: F4E5 to F4EF (11 code points).   Top of document Subrange 11: Combining superscript characters (prev. subrange 10) This range includes superscript characters, typically placed above another base line character. They are found in many early German printed texts, and in a large number of Medieval manuscripts. The position immediately above a base line character distinguishes them from raised interlinear characters typically occupying a position immediately after another base line character. This latter type includes a handful of phonetic modifiers such as a raised "w" indicating rounding, a raised "h" indicating aspiration etc. Unicode 4.0 has a selection of 13 superscript characters, namely "a", "e", "i", "o", "u", "c", "d", "h", "m", "r", "t", "v", "x". They are located at the end of the range Combining diacritical marks, 0363-036F. The characters in the list below are documented in Andrea de Leeuw van Weenen, A Grammar of Möðruvallabók (CNWS 85), Leiden 2000.   Glyph  Cat. Entity MUFI Descriptive name 1 &aeligsup; F4F0 COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER AE 1 &bsup; F4F1 COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER B 1 &bscapsup; F4F2 COMBINING LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL B 1 &dhsup; F4F3 COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH 1 &dscapsup; F4F4 COMBINING LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL D 1 &fsup; F4F5 COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER F 1 &gsup; F4F6 COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER G 1 &gscapsup; F4F7 COMBINING LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G 1 &ksup; F4F8 COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER K 1 &kscapsup; F4F9 COMBINING LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL K 1 &lsup; F4FA COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER L 1 &lscapsup; F4FB COMBINING LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL L 1 &mscapsup; F4FC COMBINING LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL M 1 ⊅   F4FD COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER N 1 &nscapsup; F4FE COMBINING LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL N 1 &psup; F4FF COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER P 1 &rscapsup; F500 COMBINING LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL R 1 &ssup; F501 COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER S 1 &stallsup; F502 COMBINING LATIN LETTER TALL S 1 &tscapsup; F503 COMBINING LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL T 1 &ysup; F504 COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER Y 1 &zsup; F505 COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER Z Reserved space after this range: F506 to F50F (10 code points).   Top of document MUFI subrange 12: Combining abbreviation and diacritical marks (prev. subrange 8) This range includes those abbreviation signs which typically occupy a position above, through or below another base line character. Combining diacritical marks are also included in this range.  Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Junicode Descriptive name 5 &bar; 0305 COMBINING ABBREVIATION MARK BAR ABOVE 2 &arbar; F510 COMBINING ABBREVIATION MARK BAR ABOVE WITH DOT 5 &baracr; 0336 COMBINING ABBREVIATION MARK BAR ACROSS 5 &barbl; 0332 COMBINING ABBREVIATION MARK BAR BELOW 1 &er; F511 F152 COMBINING ABBREVIATION MARK SUPRALINEAR "ER" (ZIG-ZAG SIGN) 1 &ra; F512 F157 COMBINING ABBREVIATION MARK SUPRALINEAR "RA" (OMEGA SIGN) 2 &rabar; F513 COMBINING ABBREVIATION MARK SUPRALINEAR "RA" (OMEGA SIGN) WITH BAR ABOVE 1 &ur2; F514 F153 COMBINING ABBREVIATION MARK SUPRALINEAR "UR" (2-SIGN) 1 &ur8; F515 COMBINING ABBREVIATION MARK SUPRALINEAR "UR" (8-SIGN) 3 &ur8open; F516 COMBINING ABBREVIATION MARK SUPRALINEAR "UR" (OPEN 8-SIGN) 1 &us; F517 F151 COMBINING ABBREVIATION MARK SUPRALINEAR "US" (9-SIGN) 4 F518 COMBINING ABBREVIATION MARK SUPRALINEAR "US" (9-SIGN) 1 &combcurl; F519 COMBINING CURL 4 F51A F163 COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX OVER TWO CHARACTERS 1 F51A COMBINING FLOURISH The combining flourish looks like a large ogonek and is attached to the end of a character, typically "d", to indicate a suspended ending. Cf. P.L. Hjorth, ed., Karl Magnus' Krønike, Copenhagen 1960, p. XXXI. Reserved space after this range: F51B to F528 (13 code points). Top of document MUFI subrange 13: Variant letter forms This range (if accepted) will contain a number of commonly recognised variant letter forms. A handful of the Junicode PUA characters have been included here in addition to some of the Medieval Nordic ones. It is likely that many of the letter forms in the Portuguese proposal will fit into this range as well.  Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Junicode Descriptive name 3 &Ainsqu; F528 F13A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR A SQUARE FORM 3 &Cinssqu; F529 F106 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR C SQUARE FORM 3 &Ginssqu; F52A F10E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR G SQUARE FORM 3 &sins; F52B F126 LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR S 3 &ains; F52C LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR A This is the single-storey "a" of the Insular script, similar in shape to modern italic "a". 3 &ainsenl; F52D LATIN ENLARGED SMALL LETTER INSULAR A This is the enlarged variant av the single-storey "a", triangular in shape. Cf. D.A. Seip, Palæografi: Norge og Island (Nordisk kultur 23:B), Oslo etc. 1954, p. 27. 3 &aopen; F52E LATIN SMALL LETTER A OPEN FORM This is the traditional "open a" from early Carolingian script, similar in shape to "cc". 3 &aclose; F52F LATIN SMALL LETTER A CLOSE FORM Cf. D.A. Seip, Palæografi: Norge og Island (Nordisk kultur 23:B), Oslo etc. 1954, p. 70. 3 F530 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AE WITH HOOK Cf. Johs. Brøndum-Nielsen, ed., Palæografi: Danmark og Sverige (Nordisk kultur 23:A), Stockholm etc. [1943], p. 102. 3 &finsclose; F531 LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR F CLOSED FORM Reserved space after this range: F532 to F53F (14 code points).   Top of document MUFI subrange 14: Precomposed characters with acute accent (prev. part of subrange 2) Unicode 4.0 includes acute over the vowels small and capital "a", "e", "i", "o", "u", "y", "æ", and "ø", and also over the consonants (small and capital form) "c", "g", "k", "l", "m", "n", "p", "r", "s", "w", and "z". The list below contains additional character combinations.    Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Titus Junicode Descriptive name 2 &AAligacute;; = &AAlig; + &combacute; F540 = F4D0 + 0301 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AA WITH ACUTE = LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AA + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT 2 &aaligacute;; = &aalig; + &combacute; F541 = F4D1 + 0301 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AA WITH ACUTE = LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AA + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT 2 &AOligacute;; = &AOlig; + &combacute; F542 = F4D2 + 030 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AO WITH ACUTE = LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AO + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT 2 &aoligacute;; = &aolig; + &combacute; F543 = F4D3 + 0301 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AO WITH ACUTE = LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AO + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT 2 &AUligacute;; = &AUlig; + &combacute; F544 = F4D4 + 0301 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AU WITH ACUTE = LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AU + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT 2 &auligacute;; = &aulig; + &combacute; F545 = F4D5 + 0301 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AU WITH ACUTE = LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AU + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT 2 &AVligacute;; = &AVlig; + &combacute; F546 = F4D6 + 0301 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AV WITH ACUTE = LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AV + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT 2 &avligacute;; = &avlig; + &combacute; F547 = F4D7 + 0301 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AV WITH ACUTE = LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AV + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT 2 &Eogonacute; = Ę + &combacute; = E + &combogon; + &combacute; E099 = 0118 + 0301 = 0035 + 0328 + 0301 E099 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH OGONEK AND ACUTE = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH OGONEK + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E + COMBINING OGONEK + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT 2 &eogonacute; = ę + &combacute; = e + &combogon; + &combacute; E499 = 0119 + 0301 = 0065 + 0328 + 0301 E499 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH OGONEK AND ACUTE = LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH OGONEK + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT = LATIN SMALL LETTER E + COMBINING OGONEK + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT 2 &Jacute; = J + &combacute; E153 = 004A + 0301 E153 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J WITH ACUTE = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT 2 &jacute; = j + &combacute; E553 = 006A + 0301 E553 LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH ACUTE = LATIN SMALL LETTER J + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT 2 &Oogonacute; = &Oogon; + &combacute; = O + &combogon; + &combacute; E20C = 01EA + 0301 = 004F + 0328 + 0301 E20C F190 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH OGONEK AND ACUTE = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH OGONEK + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O + COMBINING OGONEK + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT 2 &oogonacute; = &oogon; + &combacute; = o + &combogon; + &combacute; E60C = 01EB + 0301 = 006F + 0328 + 0301 E60C F191 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH OGONEK AND ACUTE = LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH OGONEK + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT = LATIN SMALL LETTER O + COMBINING OGONEK + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT 2 &Oslashogonacute; = &Oslashogon; + &combacute; = Ø + &combogon; + &combacute; F548 = 01FE + 0328 = 00D8 + 0328 + 0301 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND OGONEK AND ACUTE = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND OGONEK + COMBINING OGONEK = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE + COMBINING OGONEK + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT 2 &oslashogonacute; = &oslashacute; + ˛ = ø + &combogon; + &combacute; F549 = 01FF + 0328 = 00F8 + 0328 + 0301 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND OGONEK AND ACUTE = LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND OGONEK + COMBINING OGONEK = LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE + COMBINING OGONEK + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT 2 &OOligacute;; = &OOlig; + &combacute; F54A = F4DA + 0301 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OO WITH ACUTE = LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OO + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT 2 &ooligacute;; = &oolig; + &combacute; F54B = F4DB + 0301 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OO WITH ACUTE = LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OO + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT 2 &Vacute; = V + &combacute; E33A = 0056 + 0301 E33A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V WITH ACUTE = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT 2 &vacute; = v + &combacute; E73A = 0076 + 0301 E73A LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH ACUTE = LATIN SMALL LETTER V + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT Reserved space after this range: F54C to F54F (4 code points).   Top of document MUFI subrange 15: Precomposed characters with double acute accent (prev. part of subrange 2) Unicode 4.0 includes double acute over the small and capital "o" and "u". The list below contains additional character combinations.   Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Titus Descriptive name 2 &Adacute; = A + &combdblac; E025 = 0041 + 030B E025 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOUBLE ACUTE = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A + COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT 2 &adblac; = a + &combdblac; E425 = 0061 + 030B E425 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOUBLE ACUTE = LATIN SMALL LETTER A + COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT 2 &AAligdblac; = &AAlig; + &combdblac; F550 = F4D0 + 030B LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AA WITH DOUBLE ACUTE = LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AA + COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT 2 &aaligdblac; = &aalig; + &combdblac; F551 = F4D1 + 030B LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AA WITH DOUBLE ACUTE = LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AA + COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT 2 &AEligdblac; = Æ + &combdblac; F552 = 00C6 + 030B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE WITH DOUBLE ACUTE = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE + COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT 2 &aeligdblac; = æ + &combdblac; F553 = 00E6 + 030B LATIN SMALL LETTER AE WITH DOUBLE ACUTE = LATIN SMALL LETTER AE + COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT 2 &Edblac; = E + &combdblac; E0D1 = 0035 + 030B E0D1 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DOUBLE ACUTE = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E + COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT 2 &edblac; = e + &combdblac; E4D1 = 0065 + 030B E4D1 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOUBLE ACUTE = LATIN SMALL LETTER E + COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT 2 &Idblac; = I + &combdblac; E143 = 0049 + 030B E143 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOUBLE ACUTE = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I + COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT 2 &idblac; = i + &combdblac; E153 = 0069 + 030B E153 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DOUBLE ACUTE = LATIN SMALL LETTER I + COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT 2 &Jdblac; = J + &combdblac; F554 = 004A + 030B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J WITH DOUBLE ACUTE = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J + COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT 2 &jdblac; = j + &combdblac; F555 = 006A + 030B LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH DOUBLE ACUTE = LATIN SMALL LETTER J + COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT 2 &OOligdblac; = &OOlig; + &combdblac; F556 = F4DA + 030B LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OO WITH DOUBLE ACUTE = LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OO + COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT 2 &ooligdblac; = &oolig; + &combdblac; F557 = F4DB + 030B LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OO WITH DOUBLE ACUTE = LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OO + COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT 2 &Vdblac; = V + &combdblac; F558 = 0056 + 030B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V WITH DOUBLE ACUTE = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V + COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT 2 &vdblac; = v + &combdblac; F559 = 0076 + 030B LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH DOUBLE ACUTE = LATIN SMALL LETTER V + COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT 2 &Ydblac; = Y + &combdblac; E37C = 0059 + 030B E37C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH DOUBLE ACUTE = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y + COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT 2 &ydblac; = y + &combdblac; E77C = 0079 + 030B E77C LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DOUBLE ACUTE = LATIN SMALL LETTER Y + COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT 2 &Ydotacute; = Y + &combdot; + &combacute; F55A = 0059 + 030B + 0301 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH DOT ABOVE AND ACUTE = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y + COMBINING DOT ABOVE + COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT 2 &ydotacute; = y + &combdot; + &combacute; F55B = 0079 + 030B + 0301 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DOT ABOVE AND ACUTE = LATIN SMALL LETTER Y + COMBINING DOT ABOVE + COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT Reserved space after this range: F55C to F55F (4 code points).   Top of document   MUFI subrange 16: Precomposed characters with dot above (prev. part of subrange 2) Unicode 4.0 includes approx. 40 characters with a dot above in three ranges, Latin Extended-A, Latin Extended-B and Latin Extended Additional, intended for use in several languages, mostly Irish Gaelic (old orthography), and - added in 3.2 - also for Livonian. The precomposed characters are small and capital forms of "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "m", "n", "o", "p", "r", "s", "t", "w", "x", "y", "z", and tall "s" (no capital version). The list below contains additional character combinations.   Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Titus Descriptive name 2 &AAligdot; = &AAlig; + &combdot; F560 = F4D0 + 0307 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AA WITH DOT ABOVE = LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AA + COMBINING DOT ABOVE 2 &aaligdot; = &aalig; + &combdot; F561 = F4D1 + 0307 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AA WITH DOT ABOVE = LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AA + COMBINING DOT ABOVE 2 &AYligdot; = &AYlig; + &combdot; F562 = F4D8 + 0307 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AY WITH DOT ABOVE = LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AY + COMBINING DOT ABOVE 2 &ayligdot; = &aylig; + &combdot; F563 = F4D9 + 0307 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AY WITH DOT ABOVE = LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AY + COMBINING DOT ABOVE 2 &gscapdot; = &gscap; + &combdot; F564 = 0262 + 0307 LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G WITH DOT ABOVE = LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G + COMBINING DOT ABOVE 2 &kdot; = k + &combdot; F565 = 006B + 0307 LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH DOT ABOVE = = LATIN SMALL LETTER K + COMBINING DOT ABOVE 2 &nscapdot; = &nscap; + &combdot; F566 = 0274 + 0307 LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL N WITH DOT ABOVE = LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL N + COMBINING DOT ABOVE 2 &rscapdot; = &rscap; + &combdot; F567 = 0280 + 0307 LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL R WITH DOT ABOVE = LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL R + COMBINING DOT ABOVE 2 &sscapdot; = &sscap; + &combdot; F568 = F4A5 + 0307 LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL S WITH DOT ABOVE = LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL S + COMBINING DOT ABOVE 2 &tscapdot; = &tscap; + &combdot; F569 = 1D1B + 0307 LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL T WITH DOT ABOVE = LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL T + COMBINING DOT ABOVE 2 &Vdot; = V + &combdot; F56A = 0056 + 0307 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V WITH DOT ABOVE = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V + COMBINING DOT ABOVE 2 &vdot; = v + &combdot; F56B = 0076 + 0307 LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH DOT ABOVE = LATIN SMALL LETTER V + COMBINING DOT ABOVE 2 &Vinsdot; = &Vins; + &combdot; F56C = F40E + 0307 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR V (VENTH) WITH DOT ABOVE = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR V (VENTH) + COMBINING DOT ABOVE 2 &vinsdot; = &vins; + &combdot; F56D = F40F + 0307 LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR V (VENTH) WITH DOT ABOVE = LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR V (VENTH) + COMBINING DOT ABOVE Reserved space after this range: F56E to F577 (10 code points).   Top of document MUFI subrange 17: Precomposed characters with dot below (prev. part of subrange 2) Unicode 4.0 includes no less than 38 characters with a dot below, basically the whole alphabet, "a-z" in the Latin Extended Additional range. The list below contains additional character combinations. Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Titus Descriptive name 2 &AAligdotbl; = &AAlig; + &combdotbl; F578 = F4D0 + 0323 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AA WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AA + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &aaligdotbl; = &aalig; + &combdotbl; F579 = F4D1 + 0323 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AA WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AA + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &AOligdotbl; = &AOlig; + &combdotbl; F57A = F4D2 + 0323 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AO WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AO + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &aoligdotbl; = &aolig; + &combdotbl; F57B = F4D3 + 0323 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AO WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AO + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &AUligdotbl; = &AUlig; + &combdotbl; F57C = F4D4 + 0323 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AU WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AU + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &auligdotbl; = &aulig; + &combdotbl; F57D = F4D5 + 0323 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AU WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AU + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &AVligdotbl; = &AVlig; + &combdotbl; F57E = F4D6 + 0323 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AV WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AV + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &avligdotbl; = &avlig; + &combdotbl; F57F = F4D7 + 0323 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AV WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AV + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &AYligdotbl; = &AYlig; + &combdotbl; F580 = F4D8 + 0323 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AY WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AY + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &ayligdotbl; = &aylig; + &combdotbl; F581 = F4D9 + 0323 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AY WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AY + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &bscapdotbl; = &bscap; + &combdotbl; F582 = 0299 + 0323 LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL B WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL B + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &Cdotbl; = C + &combdotbl; E066 = 0043 + 0323 E066 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &cdotbl; = c + &combdotbl; E466 = 0063 + 0323 E466 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN SMALL LETTER C + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &dscapdotbl; = &dscap; + &combdotbl; F583 = 1D05 + 0323 LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL D WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL D + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &ETHdotbl; = Ð + &combdotbl; F584 = 00D0 + 0323 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ETH WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ETH + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &ethdotbl; = ð + &combdotbl; F585 = 00F0 + 0323 LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &Eogondotbl; = Ę + &combdotbl; F586 = 0118 + 0323 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH OGONEK AND DOT BELOW = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH OGONEK + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &eogondotbl; = ę + &combdotbl; F587 = 0119 + 0323 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH OGONEK AND DOT BELOW = LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH OGONEK + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &Fdotbl; = F + &combdotbl; E0EE = 0046 + 0323 E0EE LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &fdotbl; = f + &combdotbl; E4EE = 0066 + 0323 E4EE LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN SMALL LETTER F + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &Finsdotbl; = &Fins; + &combdotbl; F588 = F402 + 0323 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR F + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &finsdotbl; = &fins; + &combdotbl; F589 = F403 + 0323 LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR F WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR F + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &Gdotbl; = G + &combdotbl; E101 = 0047 + 0323 E101 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &gdotbl; = g + &combdotbl; E501 = 0067 + 0323 E501 LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN SMALL LETTER G + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &gscapdotbl; = &gscap; + &combdotbl; F58A = 0262 + 0323 LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &Jdotbl; = J + &combdotbl; F58B = 004A + 0323 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &jdotbl; = j + &combdotbl; F58C = 006A + 0323 LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN SMALL LETTER J + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &lscapdotbl; = &lscap; + &combdotbl; F58D = 029F + 0323 LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL L WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL L + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &mscapdotbl; = &mscap; + &combdotbl; F58E = 1D0D + 0323 LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL M WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL M + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &nscapdotbl; = &nscap; + &combdotbl; F58F = 0274 + 0323 LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL N WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL N + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &Oogondotbl; = &Oogon; + &combdotbl; F590 = 01EA + 0323 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH OGONEK AND DOT BELOW = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH OGONEK+ COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &oogondotbl; = &oogon; + &combdotbl; F591 = 01EB + 0323 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH OGONEK AND DOT BELOW = LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH OGONEK + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &OOligdotbl; = &OOlig; + &combdotbl; F592 = F4DA + 0323 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OO WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OO + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &ooligdotbl; = &oolig; + &combdotbl; F593 = F4DB + 0323 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OO WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OO + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &Pdotbl; = P + &combdotbl; E26D = 0050 + 0323 E26D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &pdotbl; = p + &combdotbl; E66D = 0070 + 0323 E66D LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN SMALL LETTER P + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &Qdotbl; = Q + &combdotbl; E288 = 0051 + 0323 E288 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &qdotbl; = q + &combdotbl; E688 = 0071 + 0323 E688 LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN SMALL LETTER Q + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &rscapdotbl; = &rscap; + &combdotbl; F594 = 0280 + 0323 LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL R WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL R + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &rrotdotbl; = &rrot; + &combdotbl; F595 = F40A + 0323 LATIN SMALL LETTER R ROTUNDA WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN SMALL LETTER R ROTUNDA + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &sscapdotbl; = &sscap; + &combdotbl; F596 = F4A5 + 0323 LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL S WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL S + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &stalldotbl; = &stall; + &combdotbl; F597 = 017F + 0323 LATIN SMALL LETTER TALL S WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN SMALL LETTER TALL S + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &tscapdotbl; = &tscap; + &combdotbl; F598 = 1D1B + 0323 LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL S WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL S + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &THORNdotbl; = Þ + &combdotbl; F599 = 00DE + 0323 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &thorndotbl; = þ + &combdotbl; F59A = 00FE + 0323 LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &Vinsdotbl; = &Vins; + &combdotbl; F59B = F40E + 0323 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR V (VENTH) WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR V (VENTH) + COMBINING DOT BELOW 2 &vinsdotbl; = &vins; + &combdotbl; F59C = F40F + 0323 LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR V (VENTH) WITH DOT BELOW = LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR V (VENTH) + COMBINING DOT BELOW Reserved space after this range: F59D to F5A4 (7 code points).   Top of document MUFI subrange 18: Precomposed characters with diaeresis (prev. part of subrange 2) Unicode 4.0 includes double dot (diaeresis) over the small and capital characters "a", "e", "i", "o", "u", "y" in the ranges Latin-1 Supplement (all of these except capital "y") and Latin Extended-A (capital "y"), as well as small and capital "h", "w", "x" and "t" (the latter only small) in the range Latin Extended Additional. The list below contains additional character combinations.   Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Titus Descriptive name 2 &AAliguml; = &AAlig; + &combuml; F5A5 = F4D0 + 0308 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AA WITH DIAERESIS = LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AA + COMBINING DIAERESIS 2 &aaliguml; = &aalig; + &combuml; F5A6 = FED1 + 0308 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AA WITH DIAERESIS = LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AA + COMBINING DIAERESIS 2 &AEliguml; = Æ + &combuml; F5A7 = 00C6 + 0308 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AE WITH DIAERESIS = LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AE + COMBINING DIAERESIS 2 &aeliguml; = æ + &combuml; F5A8 = 00E6 + 0308 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AE WITH DIAERESIS = LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AE + COMBINING DIAERESIS Reserved space after this range: F5A9 to F5AF (6 code points).   Top of document MUFI subrange 19: Precomposed characters with a hook above (prev. part of subrange 2) Unicode 4.0 does not include any characters with a hook above.   Glyph Cat. Entity MUFI Titus Descriptive name 2 &Acurl; = A + &combcurl; F5B0 = 0041 + F518 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CURL = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A + COMBINING CURL 2 &acurl; = a + &combcurl; F5B1 = 0061 + F518 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CURL = LATIN SMALL LETTER A + COMBINING CURL 2 &Ecurl; = E + &combcurl; F5B2 = 0035 + F518 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CURL = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E + COMBINING CURL 2 &ecurl; = e + &combcurl; F5B3 = 0065 + F518 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CURL = LATIN SMALL LETTER E + COMBINING CURL 0 &Icurl; = I + &combcurl; 1EC8 = 0049 + F518 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH HOOK ABOVE (CURL) = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I + COMBINING CURL 0 &icurl; = i + &combcurl; 1EC9 = 0131 + F518 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH HOOK ABOVE (CURL) = LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS I + COMBINING CURL 2 &Jcurl; = J + &combcurl; F5B4 = 0049 + F518 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J WITH CURL = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J + COMBINING CURL 2 &jcurl; = j + &combcurl; F5B5 = F40B + F518 LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CURL = LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS J + COMBINING CURL 2 &Ocurl; = O + &combcurl; F5B6 = 004F + F518 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CURL = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O + COMBINING CURL 2 &ocurl; = o + &combcurl; F5B7 = 006F + F518 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CURL = LATIN SMALL LETTER O + COMBINING CURL 2 &Oslashcurl; = Ø + &combcurl; F5B8 = 004F + F518 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND CURL = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE + COMBINING CURL 2 &oslashcurl; = ø + &combcurl; F5B9 = 0048 + F518 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND CURL = LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE + COMBINING CURL 2 &Ucurl; = U + &combcurl; F5BA = 0055 + F518 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CURL = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U + COMBINING CURL 2 &ucurl; = u + &combcurl; F5BB = 0075 + F518 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CURL = LATIN SMALL LETTER U + COMBINING CURL 2 &Ycurl; = Y + &combcurl; F5BC = 0059 + F518 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH CURL = LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y + COMBINING CURL 2 &ycurl; = y + &combcurl;